Digital designs have not traditionally suffered by issues associated with transmission line effects. At lower frequencies the signals remain within data characterization and the system performs as ...

Considerations for dividing analog and digital blocks. Decoupling techniques. Breaking down the board layers. How best to deal with grounding. Similar to building a house, it’s essential to create a ...

The “Special Report—Test Applications” in our January issue focuses on the software tools as well as logic analyzers, protocol analyzers, BERTs, phase-noise testers, spectrum analyzers, vector network ...

There are many things that affect the performance of electronic circuits. Certainly, the choice of the various components is important, but so are other things, such as circuit topology and signal ...

Signal integrity (SI) and power integrity (PI) are two distinct but related realms of analysis concerned with proper operation of digital circuits. In signal integrity, the main concern is making sure ...