The assumption behind popular data on national capital stocks, and therefore total factor productivity, is that countries were in a steady state in the first year that investment data became available ...

Editor's note: In 2025, China's R&D investment accounted for 2.8 percent of its GDP, which was higher than the average share of R&D of countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and ...

See more of our coverage in your search results. Add The New York Times on Google The secret ingredient in economic growth is what economists call total factor productivity. You can always increase ...