Abstract: Passwords remain a critical component of authentication systems due to their ease of implementation, despite the availability of more secure methods such as biometrics and smart cards.

The Universal Account Number (UAN) remains unchanged throughout an employee’s career, even when switching jobs. Each employer assigns a different member ID that is ultimately linked to the same UAN.

Abstract: Image segmentation is an application area of computer vision and digital image processing that partitions a digital image into multiple image regions or segments. This process involves ...